通常,我们正在处理 Excel 文件,我们肯定遇到过需要将多个 Excel 文件合并为一个文件的情况。传统方法一直是在 excel 中使用 VBA 代码,它可以完成这项工作,但是不太容易理解。另一种方法是手动将长Excel文件复制到一个文件中,这不仅耗时,麻烦,而且容易出错。
使用 python中的Pandas 模块即可轻松快速地完成此任务。如果未安装Pandas模块在终端中使用以下命令:
pip install pandas
1、导入库
import os
import pandas as pd
- os: 用于与操作系统交互,特别是文件和目录操作。
- pandas: 一个强大的Python数据处理库,用于读取和写入Excel文件
2、定义函数
def merge_excel_files(folder_path, output_file):
- folder_path: 包含要合并的Excel文件的文件夹路径。
- output_file: 保存合并数据的输出文件名。
3、列出Excel文件
excel_files = [f for f in os.listdir(folder_path) if f.endswith('.xlsx') or f.endswith('.xls')
- 这行代码列出了指定文件夹中所有扩展名为.xlsx或.xls的文件。
4、读取并合并Excel文件
data_frames = []
for file in excel_files:
file_path = os.path.join(folder_path, file)
try:
data = pd.read_excel(file_path)
data_frames.append(data)
except Exception as e:
print(f"读取文件 {file} 时出错: {e}")
- 创建一个空的列表data_frames来存储每个Excel文件的数据。
- 脚本遍历每个Excel文件,将其内容读取到一个DataFrame中,并将其追加到data_frames列表中。
- 如果读取文件时发生错误,会打印错误信息。
5、合并数据
merged_data = pd.concat(data_frames, ignore_index=True)
- 使用pd.concat函数将所有DataFrame对象合并成一个DataFrame,并忽略索引。
6、保存合并后的数据
merged_data.to_excel(output_file, index=False)
print(f"合并后的文件已保存为 {output_file}")
- 将合并后的数据保存到指定的输出文件中,不包括索引。
- 打印一条消息,确认文件已保存。
7、错误处理
except Exception as e:
print(f"处理文件夹 {folder_path} 时出错: {e}")
- 如果在处理文件夹或合并数据时发生错误,会打印错误信息。
8、使用示例
folder_path = 'C:/Users/standee/Desktop/test'
output_file = 'merged_excel.xlsx'
merge_excel_files(folder_path, output_file)
- 这部分脚本设置文件夹路径和输出文件名,然后调用merge_excel_files函数执行合并。
完整代码如下:
import os
import pandas as pd
def merge_excel_files(folder_path, output_file):
try:
# 获取文件夹中的所有Excel文件
excel_files = [f for f in os.listdir(folder_path) if f.endswith('.xlsx') or f.endswith('.xls')]
# 读取并合并所有Excel文件
data_frames = []
for file in excel_files:
file_path = os.path.join(folder_path, file)
try:
data = pd.read_excel(file_path)
data_frames.append(data)
except Exception as e:
print(f"读取文件 {file} 时出错: {e}")
# 使用pd.concat合并数据
merged_data = pd.concat(data_frames, ignore_index=True)
merged_data.to_excel(output_file, index=False)
print(f"合并后的文件已保存为 {output_file}")
except Exception as e:
print(f"处理文件夹 {folder_path} 时出错: {e}")
# 使用示例
folder_path = 'C:/Users/standee/Desktop/test'
output_file = 'merged_excel.xlsx'
merge_excel_files(folder_path, output_file)
需合并的数据:
“001.xlsx”
OrderDate | Region | City | Category | Product | Quantity | UnitPrice | TotalPrice |
2020/1/1 | East | Boston | Bars | Carrot | 33 | 1.77 | 58.41 |
2020/1/4 | East | Boston | Crackers | Whole Wheat | 87 | 3.49 | 303.63 |
2020/1/7 | West | Los Angeles | Cookies | Chocolate Chip | 58 | 1.87 | 108.46 |
2020/1/10 | East | New York | Cookies | Chocolate Chip | 82 | 1.87 | 153.34 |
2020/1/13 | East | Boston | Cookies | Arrowroot | 38 | 2.18 | 82.84 |
2020/1/16 | East | Boston | Bars | Carrot | 54 | 1.77 | 95.58 |
2020/1/19 | East | Boston | Crackers | Whole Wheat | 149 | 3.49 | 520.01 |
2020/1/22 | West | Los Angeles | Bars | Carrot | 51 | 1.77 | 90.27 |
2020/1/25 | East | New York | Bars | Carrot | 100 | 1.77 | 177 |
2020/1/28 | East | New York | Snacks | Potato Chips | 28 | 1.35 | 37.8 |
2020/1/31 | East | Boston | Cookies | Arrowroot | 36 | 2.18 | 78.48 |
2020/2/3 | East | Boston | Cookies | Chocolate Chip | 31 | 1.87 | 57.97 |
2020/2/6 | East | Boston | Crackers | Whole Wheat | 28 | 3.49 | 97.72 |
2020/2/9 | West | Los Angeles | Bars | Carrot | 44 | 1.77 | 77.88 |
“002.xlsx”
OrderDate | Region | City | Category | Product | Quantity | UnitPrice | TotalPrice |
2020/3/29 | East | Boston | Cookies | Oatmeal Raisin | 193 | 2.84 | 548.12 |
2020/4/1 | West | Los Angeles | Bars | Carrot | 58 | 1.77 | 102.66 |
2020/4/4 | West | Los Angeles | Snacks | Potato Chips | 68 | 1.68 | 114.24 |
2020/4/7 | East | New York | Bars | Carrot | 91 | 1.77 | 161.07 |
2020/4/10 | East | New York | Crackers | Whole Wheat | 23 | 3.49 | 80.27 |
2020/4/13 | West | San Diego | Snacks | Potato Chips | 28 | 1.68 | 47.04 |
2020/4/16 | East | Boston | Bars | Carrot | 48 | 1.77 | 84.96 |
2020/4/19 | East | Boston | Snacks | Potato Chips | 134 | 1.68 | 225.12 |
2020/4/22 | West | Los Angeles | Bars | Carrot | 20 | 1.77 | 35.4 |
2020/4/25 | East | New York | Bars | Carrot | 53 | 1.77 | 93.81 |
2020/4/28 | East | New York | Snacks | Potato Chips | 64 | 1.68 | 107.52 |
2020/5/1 | West | San Diego | Cookies | Chocolate Chip | 63 | 1.87 | 117.81 |
2020/5/4 | East | Boston | Bars | Bran | 105 | 1.87 | 196.35 |
2020/5/7 | East | Boston | Cookies | Oatmeal Raisin | 138 | 2.84 | 391.92 |
运行Python:
D:\python\python.exe D:\pycharm\pythonProject\excelmerge.py
合并后的文件已保存为 merged_excel.xlsx
Process finished with exit code 0
合并后生成一个merged_excel.xlsx的文件:
OrderDate | Region | City | Category | Product | Quantity | UnitPrice | TotalPrice |
2020/1/1 | East | Boston | Bars | Carrot | 33 | 1.77 | 58.41 |
2020/1/4 | East | Boston | Crackers | Whole Wheat | 87 | 3.49 | 303.63 |
2020/1/7 | West | Los Angeles | Cookies | Chocolate Chip | 58 | 1.87 | 108.46 |
2020/1/10 | East | New York | Cookies | Chocolate Chip | 82 | 1.87 | 153.34 |
2020/1/13 | East | Boston | Cookies | Arrowroot | 38 | 2.18 | 82.84 |
2020/1/16 | East | Boston | Bars | Carrot | 54 | 1.77 | 95.58 |
2020/1/19 | East | Boston | Crackers | Whole Wheat | 149 | 3.49 | 520.01 |
2020/1/22 | West | Los Angeles | Bars | Carrot | 51 | 1.77 | 90.27 |
2020/1/25 | East | New York | Bars | Carrot | 100 | 1.77 | 177 |
2020/1/28 | East | New York | Snacks | Potato Chips | 28 | 1.35 | 37.8 |
2020/1/31 | East | Boston | Cookies | Arrowroot | 36 | 2.18 | 78.48 |
2020/2/3 | East | Boston | Cookies | Chocolate Chip | 31 | 1.87 | 57.97 |
2020/2/6 | East | Boston | Crackers | Whole Wheat | 28 | 3.49 | 97.72 |
2020/2/9 | West | Los Angeles | Bars | Carrot | 44 | 1.77 | 77.88 |
2020/3/29 | East | Boston | Cookies | Oatmeal Raisin | 193 | 2.84 | 548.12 |
2020/4/1 | West | Los Angeles | Bars | Carrot | 58 | 1.77 | 102.66 |
2020/4/4 | West | Los Angeles | Snacks | Potato Chips | 68 | 1.68 | 114.24 |
2020/4/7 | East | New York | Bars | Carrot | 91 | 1.77 | 161.07 |
2020/4/10 | East | New York | Crackers | Whole Wheat | 23 | 3.49 | 80.27 |
2020/4/13 | West | San Diego | Snacks | Potato Chips | 28 | 1.68 | 47.04 |
2020/4/16 | East | Boston | Bars | Carrot | 48 | 1.77 | 84.96 |
2020/4/19 | East | Boston | Snacks | Potato Chips | 134 | 1.68 | 225.12 |
2020/4/22 | West | Los Angeles | Bars | Carrot | 20 | 1.77 | 35.4 |
2020/4/25 | East | New York | Bars | Carrot | 53 | 1.77 | 93.81 |
2020/4/28 | East | New York | Snacks | Potato Chips | 64 | 1.68 | 107.52 |
2020/5/1 | West | San Diego | Cookies | Chocolate Chip | 63 | 1.87 | 117.81 |
2020/5/4 | East | Boston | Bars | Bran | 105 | 1.87 | 196.35 |
2020/5/7 | East | Boston | Cookies | Oatmeal Raisin | 138 | 2.84 | 391.92 |