Linux远程连接工具之ssh命令

环境：linux: deepIn 15.11windows: win7

前言

Secure Shell（SSH）是一种加密网络协议，用于在不安全的网络上安全地运行网络服务。 典型的应用程序包括远程命令行登录和远程命令执行，但是任何网络服务都可以使用SSH进行保护。

本文介绍如何使用ssh命令进行远程连接。

1.ssh服务端安装

# debian/deepin/ubuntu
sudo apt-get install openssh-server

# redhat/centos
sudo yum install openssh-server

# 启动ssh服务
sudo systemctl start sshd
# 设置ssh开机自启动
sudo systemctl enable sshd

ssh服务配置

vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config

2.ssh命令安装

2.1 linux

# debian/deepin/ubuntu
sudo apt-get install openssh-client

# redhat/centos
sudo yum install openssh-clients

2.2 windows

ssh在windows下的命令主要包括ssh.exe、scp.exe、sftp.exe

• MobaXterm(★)

Windows增强版终端，支持SSH客户端、widnows终端(支持基本linux命令)、VNC、FTP、串口等协议等

version: MobaXterm Home Edition v20.2

https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/

• openssh

OpenSSH for Windows

version:setupssh-8.3p1-1.exe

https://www.mls-software.com

3.ssh命令的使用

3.1 ssh远程连接

用法

usage: ssh [-46AaCfGgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy] [-B bind_interface]
           [-b bind_address] [-c cipher_spec] [-D [bind_address:]port]
           [-E log_file] [-e escape_char] [-F configfile] [-I pkcs11]
           [-i identity_file] [-J [user@]host[:port]] [-L address]
           [-l login_name] [-m mac_spec] [-O ctl_cmd] [-o option] [-p port]
           [-Q query_option] [-R address] [-S ctl_path] [-W host:port]
           [-w local_tun[:remote_tun]] destination [command]

连接到192.168.129.164的用户dev

ssh dev@192.168.129.164 -p 22

ssh dev@192.168.129.164 -p 22
dev@192.168.129.164's password:

Welcome to Deepin 15.11 GNU/Linux

    * Homepage:https://www.deepin.org/

    * Bugreport:https://feedback.deepin.org/feedback/

    * Community:https://bbs.deepin.org/

Last login: Thu Jun 25 18:10:26 2020 from 192.168.129.1
dev@dev-PC:~$ ls
b  b.txt  Desktop  Documents  Downloads  Music  Pictures  Videos  模板

3.2 ssh上传文件(夹)

• scp命令（不需要连接ssh）

用法

usage: scp [-346BCpqrTv] [-c cipher] [-F ssh_config] [-i identity_file]
            [-J destination] [-l limit] [-o ssh_option] [-P port]
            [-S program] source ... target

ssh上传文件a.txt到~目录ssh上传文件a文件夹到~目录

scp a.txt dev@192.168.129.164:~
scp -r a dev@192.168.129.164:~

scp a.txt dev@192.168.129.164:~
dev@192.168.129.164's password:
a.txt                                         100%    0     0.0KB/s   00:00

scp -r a dev@192.168.129.164:~
dev@192.168.129.164's password:

ssh dev@192.168.129.164 -p 22

dev@dev-PC:~$ ls -l
总用量 32
drwxrwx--- 2 dev dev 4096 6月  25 18:13 a
-rwxr-x--- 1 dev dev    0 6月  25 18:11 a.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 dev dev    0 6月  25 18:17 b
-rw-r--r-- 1 dev dev    0 6月  25 18:18 b.txt
...

• lzsz命令（需要连接ssh，需要SSH客户端支持）

安装

# debian/deepin/ubuntu
sudo apt-get install lrzsz

# redhat/centos
sudo yum install lrzsz

• sftp命令（不需要未连接ssh）

sftp dev@192.168.129.164
dev@192.168.129.164's password:
Connected to 192.168.129.164.

sftp> put C:/a.txt .
Uploading C:/a.txt to /home/dev/./a.txt
C:/a.txt                                                 100%    0     0.0KB/s   00:00
sftp> ls
Desktop    Documents  Downloads  Music      Pictures   Videos     a.txt      b
b.txt      模板

3.3 ssh下载文件(夹)

• scp命令（不需要连接ssh）

用法

usage: scp [-346BCpqrTv] [-c cipher] [-F ssh_config] [-i identity_file]
            [-J destination] [-l limit] [-o ssh_option] [-P port]
            [-S program] source ... target

ssh上传文件b.txt到当前目录ssh上传文件b文件夹到当前目录

scp dev@192.168.129.164:~/b.txt .
scp -r dev@192.168.129.164:~/b .

scp dev@192.168.129.164:~/b.txt .
dev@192.168.129.164's password:
b.txt                                         100%    0     0.0KB/s   00:00

scp -r dev@192.168.129.164:~/b .
dev@192.168.129.164's password:

ls -l
total 2
drwxr-xr-x    1 win7     UsersGrp         0 Jun 25 18:07 a
-rw-r--r--    1 win7     UsersGrp         0 Jun 25 18:07 a.txt
drwxr-xr-x    1 win7     UsersGrp         0 Jun 25 18:19 b
-rw-r--r--    1 win7     UsersGrp         0 Jun 25 18:19 b.txt
...

• lzsz命令（需要连接ssh，需要SSH客户端支持）

安装

# debian/deepin/ubuntu
sudo apt-get install lrzsz

# redhat/centos
sudo yum install lrzsz

• sftp命令(不需要连接ssh)

sftp dev@192.168.129.164
dev@192.168.129.164's password:
Connected to 192.168.129.164.

sftp> get b.txt C:/
Fetching /home/dev/b.txt to C:/b.txt